WEDEL Model and Language
Integration image scores and symbolic music *
Integration of music notation sources and audio formats
*
WEDEL distribution format, WDF, specification *
Identification *
Classification *
Symbolic Section in WDF objects *
In this section, the problems of integration among
music in symbolic and image score formats with the audio produced by the
symbolic format (for example in MIDI) or acquired as auxiliary audio files
are discussed.
Integration
image scores and symbolic music
The integration of images of music and music in symbolic
format is a big problem. Symbolic music presents a collection of information
related to single music symbols and considering their relationships and
semantics.
In this sense, from symbolic music it is possible to
-
Reformat music according to different page dimension, relationships
among symbols, and other user needs
-
Modify music adding/removing/changing music notation elements
-
Transposing music in several manners
-
Formatting/visualising music for a different page shape or
computer screen
-
Generate a MIDI output to produce computer music
-
Analyse music content on the basis of music notation symbols
relationships
-
Search on the basis of music melody and structure
-
Print music in the desired format and resolution
-
Re-justify music score according to justification parameters
and micro spacing given by the user
-
Main score can be built on the basis of the information contained
in the parts (brackets grouping staff systems and other annotations of
the conductor have to added)
-
Parts can be obtained from the main score (some details have
to be added in some cases)
-
Selecting parts for execution
-
Execution of music presenting the right score image in the
right time instant directly on the computer screen
-
Etc.
Images of music scores present a strongly limited number
of functionalities, and some relevant drawback. The main problems are:
-
The dimension of the files containing images with respect
to the space needed for containing the same amount of music in symbolic
is about 1/1000. This ration depends on the resolution used. To visualise
an image of music on the computer screen is nought to have 80 dpi, to print
it at least 300 dpi are needed. The delivering of image score should be
at print resolution only if it is needed. It is also possible to use high
resolution images on the computer screen if a conversion process is used
when needed (this means that a real time conversion is needed). The solution
is to acquire image of music score at and higher resolution to be sure
in this way to have a master at a resolution that can be used for all the
purposes. The correct resolution can be 600 dpi or 1200 dpi.
-
The symbolic version of a main score can be produced by merging
parts. This is impossible for image scores. A different set of images has
to be provided for distributing main score and parts. A set of image for
the main score and a set of images for each part.
The above functionalities possible for symbolic music are
all infeasible on images of music scores. On that format it is only possible
to:
-
Print music sheets at the image resolution (typically low
with respect to that of printers)
-
Visualising music in a rigid manner according to the original
formatting that the music has on the music sheet. Line breaking has to
be maintained otherwise the composition of the single measures produce
line staff of different lengths. This is totally unacceptable for the musicians
and publishers
-
Execution of music by using images of music score is impossible
without a time code or an auxiliary audio. In any way the paging mechanism
can be similar to that of MOODS. The alignment of image score and audio
can be quite coarse.
Images of music scores presents some benefits with respect
to the symbolic music. Image of music scores:
-
are available at a lower cost for the publisher. They have
archives of master music scores in paper version in most cases.
-
can be distributed on the internet in quite safe manner.
An image can be difficulty manipulated at low cost, thus we can suppose
that they remain the same for their life. It is quite hard to modify music
by modifying images of music sheets.
-
are the only way to distribute some music piece. For instance:
(i) very antique music pieces, (ii) music pieces with strange modern or
antique notations, (iii) manually written music pieces.
This analysis means that both formats: images of music sheets
and symbolic music are needed. Presently the former is much more interesting
for publishers since it means low cost to go on the Internet distribution.
The latter substitute the first in the future, and probably
not for all aspects. Very old and hand made scores remain in paper or image
formats for several years and may be forever.
For this reason, it is interesting to study a format such
as WEDEL Distribution format, WDF, that is capable of integrating both
aspects.
In WDF, the images of music scores is prepared for
allowing the organisation of the single staff lines on the computer screen.
In addition, the resolution of the image is arranged according to the screen
dimensions by starting from a strong enough resolution. In this way the
visualisation of images of music is more flexible, reducing the problems
of images of music scores. This allows the implementation of an acceptable
mechanism for executing image score music on the basis of an auxiliary
audio, or on the MIDI audio produced by the symbolic part.
In WDF, the integration of symbolic music and image score
music is only formal in the sense that the format allow the inclusion of
both aspects in the same WEDEL music object but the interactions between
these aspects is minimum. They is linked via:
-
common audio files that can be synchronised with both formats;
-
common measures numbers;
-
common labels letters or symbols.
The definition of relationships between symbolic elements,
such as measures, and the specific image that contains the corresponding
measure image it is interesting. For example for showing: (i) the correct/
modified/arranged music notation code of eventual critical pieces in the
original music score (passing from music image to symbolic); (ii) for see
the original notation or passage related to a symbolic aspect (passing
from the symbolic notation to the corresponding image part).
More detailed relationships (for instance at level of
single figures of the music notation) are totally un-useful. Compute screen
can typically visualise several music measures at the same time and thus
the resolution at level of single measure is not mandatory. To pass from
a measure of the symbolic score to the same on the image score is enough
to present the image containing the selected measure. For the same reasons
also the synchronisation of a music score image or a symbolic music at
the level of the single figure (note or rest) is not useful since during
the music score visualisation with listening the screen present the a set
of measures. It is enough to provide an approximate indication of were
the musicians are to play the single music notation symbols. This can be
done by simply having the synchronisation at level of measures or segment
of measures (in the case of score images) and interpolating inside the
available structures.
In this view, it has to be possible to:
-
Include in the same WDF a symbolic music with an image music
score.
-
Include in the same WDF an image music score with a symbolic
music.
-
select a measure on the symbolic representation and jump
to image representation of the page including the selected measure.
-
select a measure on the image score music and jump to symbolic
representation.
-
Visualise symbolic music and image score music on the same
computer at the same time in different windows.
-
Execute image music score by providing the right music page
at the correct time instant according to the selected audio. This can be
done on the basis of an auxiliary audio file or by using the music produced
via MIDI by the symbolic representation of the same music. From the user
point of view, it has also possible to increase and decrease the velocity
of execution of both image score and audio file. This have a specific relevance
for music school and libraries.
Integration of music
notation sources and audio formats
In this section the integration of auxiliary audio files
and music in (i) symbolic format, and (ii) images of music score. Please
note that the production of MIDI files from symbolic music does not present
problems of synchronisation and it is given for granted since it is an
operation available on all music editors. MIDI files can be produced stored
and played in a second phase or can be played while produced.
In the following the interesting functionalities are reported:
-
to synchronise music in symbolic format with an auxiliary
audio file for presenting on the screen music pages and listening the audio
produced by famous authors and conductors.
-
to synchronise music in symbolic format with several different
auxiliary audio files. This allow the user to compare different performances
of different musicians and orchestras.
-
to synchronise music in image score format with an auxiliary
audio file for presenting on the screen music pages and listening the audio
produced by famous authors and conductors.
-
To reproduce music in both image or symbolic format synchronised
with the audio and allowing the presentation of the right music piece in
the right time instant according to the synchronisation decided.
-
To allow the decrement and increment of execution velocity
adjusting the velocity of audio and of the music presented on the screen.
Please note that the synchronisation of an auxiliary audio
for the purpose of simple visualisation can be approximated, for example
at level of measure. It is very hard to synchronise symbolic music with
an available recording of the music piece. In certain conditions, the synchronisation
can performed automatically (for example when the rhythmic base of the
piece is well marked, see ICMC 1995, 96, 97, 98, 99).
In general, the precise synchronisation at level of single
figures is quite hard even for an expert. For this reason, in the project
problems of synchronisation is studied by starting from a first manual
synchronisation of audio and music in both symbolic and image formats.
This allow to verify the real needs of synchronisation. Automatic synchronisation
is studied but it is out of the scope of the project.
It is quite obvious that the synchronisation of an auxiliary
audio with symbolic score can be much more precise than that with the images
of the music score. In fact, each image or image slice may contain typically
more measures and not only one. To improve the synchronisation it can be
supposed to associate with the single images of music scores also the dimension
and the position of the included measures.
The above mentioned needs of synchronisation can be satisfied
by implementing a simple synchronisation file in which the time spent by
each measure is registered. These files can be used as a basis for executing
music as auxiliary audio and presenting the right music page in the correct
time instant for both image score music and symbolic music.
WEDEL
distribution format, WDF, specification
WEDEL Distribution Format and language includes constructs
for the integrated description of the following aspects:
-
Identification
-
Classification
-
Protection
-
Printing
-
Symbolic Music
-
Image Score
-
Performance
-
Documents
-
Lyric
-
Audio
-
Video
-
Image
In the following these aspects are shortly discussed, while
a detailed view of each aspects is analysed in a separate section for its
corresponding specification:
-
Identification, which allows the identification
of the WDF piece. Typical identification mechanisms have to be used such
as ISMN. In addition, each WDF has to provide a unique WDFID, such as every
its component.
-
Classification, which allows the classification of
a WDF piece according to archive mechanisms. The information included into
the classification is general, no details about the single components of
the WDF have to be included. These are contained in the specific components.
This classification is only for the whole object and it doesnt confused
with the classification of the symbolic version, image score version, audio
files, etc. which are the components of the WDF object.
-
Protection which includes the protection aspects of
encryption, watermark at high level, only the codes are stored. In addition,
a table about the manipulation permission is available. This part also
include the aspects related to the permission of music manipulation in
the several state of the WDF object. When it is demo, when it is a rented
object, when it has been sold, when the renting period has been expired.
-
Printing which includes the default description for
printing the music contained in the WDF object. These have to include format,
presence of cover, set of documents to be printed, specific fingerprints.
Details about printing of symbolic, image score and Braille can be possible.
-
Symbolic Music, which describes the scoring information,
musical notation symbols, and their relationships. The idea is to allow
the execution in MOODS manner presenting the score pages with a replacement
mechanism on a large set of visualization device types, allowing the synchronization
of audio files provided in WAVE or MIDI formats.
-
Details for classification aspects, name of the part,
and for the main score, etc.
-
Details of identification aspects IDcode, WDFID of
the related main score, and part, etc.
-
The logic aspects are collected in a file for each
part and one for the main score. For supporting the symbolic indexing a
specific logic mechanism for identifying univocally each symbols of the
music notation independently on its visual position has been developed;
-
The main score is obtained by using parts and its visualization
rules coded in a sort of improved MILLA such as in MOODS. Visual arrangement
of symbols when specific exceptions must be imposed with respect to standards
defined by the rules, and the music fonts. Visual rules can be different
for the main score and parts, from a music score to another. When parts
are visualized distinct visualization rules may be used for formatting
music according to different styles. These can be imposed by the publisher
on the basis of its preferences and on the basis of the delivered music;
-
Fonts can be different from a music score to another.
Standard fonts can be used. Specific fonts can be defined and attached
to the symbolic part of the WDF file. The definition of new fonts can be
performed by the publisher that interact with the WEDEL editor and integrator,
WEDELeditor, deciding to add a custom font/symbol. Fonts include tables,
font in vectorial format, fonts for the screen, and fonts for printing
in postscript. The vectorial format of fonts is included into the WDF object
only if needed.
-
versioning, which supports monitoring the evolution
of music pieces while considering logic performance and visual evolution.
Changes performed on the main scores and parts (for logical aspects) can
be collected, classified and reapplied according to a sophisticate mechanism
of versioning via Additional Command List, similar to what has been performed
in MOODS project and music editor. The versioning is also applied to the
performance aspects, in the sense that several different version of the
synchronisation files can be stored into the WDF object.
-
Image of Music Sheets, which allows to distribute
images of music scores without converting them into symbolic format. The
idea is to allow also in this case the execution in MOODS manner presenting
the score pages with a replacement mechanism on a large set of visualization
device types, allowing the synchronisation of audio files provided in WAVE,
MIDI or MP formats. Images of Music Sheets can be distributed in GIF or
compressed TIF formats starting from PDF, TIFF, BMP, GIF, PIC, PCX, TGA,
etc. and any other image format. Images of music scores can be at different
resolution depending on the purpose for which the WDF is acquired from
the publishers (see the previous section for discussion). These can be
from 1200/600 dpi (master image) to 100/70 dpi (computer screen resolution).
The resolution also influences the printing quality and reliability/robustness
of watermark. Images of music sheets have to be protected with a specific
watermark. Each image has to be accompanied by a description file, which
includes an ID, a reference to the WDFID, a description, a type and other
information to maintain images of music sheet linked to the rest of the
WDF components. Images can be of main score and of parts. Single images
include a staff line (comprised of several measures) for single parts or
a the single systems of parts for the main score. For each score image
the number of included measures is collected. Mechanism for reducing their
dimensions according to the adopted computer have to be provided. This
allow to present music in image format in a suitable manner according to
the dimension of the computer used for visualising the music. In addition
in this manner a more detailed control on the music consumption/execution
can be performed since each small piece of image have a range of included
measures.
-
Performance. This aspect deals with the execution
rate of music during a performance with the aim of providing on the computer
screen the symbolic or the image version of music synchronously with the
available auxiliary audio files or with a generated MIDI from the symbolic
music. To this end, a solution similar to that has been proposed for the
same purpose in MOODS has been adopted. It is based on the definition of
a synchronisation file that include cross references between the symbolic/image
version and the auxiliary file. This files contain the so called Execution
Time Trend, ETT. It includes aspects related to the generation of sounds
and for page turning during performances; These aspect put in relationship
symbolic score with audio, or the image score with an audio file. Audio
files can be MIDI, WAVE and MP3 in any cases the execution is performed
with the WAVE format or MIDI. Each ETT has an ID, a reference to the WDFID,
a description, a reference to the synchronised files and a type.
-
Documents. Each WDF file may include none, one or
more structured documents. Each documents has an ID, the ID of the owner
WDF, a description and a type, etc. These may include author biography,
critical description of the piece, description of the music piece, description
of the performing orchestras, etc. For this reason several different documents
can be included for each WDF file. In general, their format can be PDF,
WORD, Textual (TXT, in ASCII), HTML, etc. No limitation are imposed on
their format. Documents on different languages could be included as well.
This section could include also a document version of the Music score.
It can be in PDF or PostScript as well.
-
Lyric. Each lyric has an ID, an ID of the WDF owner,
and a description. Each music piece may have none, one or more lyrics associated
with. In general, the lyric can be associated with
-
a symbolic part, a symbolic score may have a lyric line for
each part. In effect, a single part may have even 4 distinct lyric lines.
In this case the specific Lyric is linked by using symbolic links to the
corresponding part. The single lyric line in a score can be due to the
presence of refrain or for the presence of more than one voice. In the
latter case, it more frequent to have different music score parts.
-
An image score music even in the absence of the symbolic
parts, to read the lyric, for example for the operas.
-
The audio even in the absence of the symbolic or image score
parts, to read the lyric, for example for the operas.
-
More than one version of the same lyric may be present for
supporting different languages if the symbolic part is the same. If the
symbolic part is different (has been modified for arranging music according
to the need of the translation) a different WDF object has to be generated.
-
Audio. A WDF file may include none, one or more audio
files. Each audio file has an ID, a description, the ID of the WDF owner,
and a type. Their format In general, their format can be WAVE, MIDI, MP3,
SND, etc. No limitations are imposed on their format, only WAVE, MIDI and
MP3 file can be used for the synchronisation with symbolic or image music.
Audio files on different languages could be included as well. The synchronisation
of audio file allows the adjusting of execution rate during visualisation
and listening of music score with the selected audio.
-
Video. A WDF file may include none, one or more video
files. Each video file has an ID, a description, the WDFID, and a type.
These may be included via HTML files. No limitations are imposed on their
format: AVI, MPEG, etc., size and image rate. This depends on the hardware
and software available on the publisher and client sites. Video files can
include their audio this could be synchronised with music score. This aspect
is out of the scope of the project. With this synchronisation not be possible
to adjusting the execution rate during visualisation of music score and
the visualisation of video and listening of the selected video.
-
Image. A WDF file may include none, one or more images.
Each image file has an ID, a description, the WDFID, and a type. These
images has to be distinguished from the images of music score. The first
are typically used for showing the portrait of the author/performer, the
picture related to the music or opera, or performer, the home/city of the
author/performer, a picture of the instrument. These may be visualised
via HTML files. No limitation are imposed on their format: GIF, TIF, BMP,
PCX, etc. The same images can be referred by the document section.
Each component of the above described WDF may be missing
except for some parts of the identification and classification sections.
Depending on the missing parts the available functionalities of the WDF
can be different. Details on these aspects are reported in the following.
In addition, a WDF include also the description of its structure.
-
Symbolic-lyric: different lyric files can be referred to
the same symbolic file. A symbolic part has to refers to a specific lyric
file
-
Symbolic-image score: this relationship is performed via
the number of measures
-
Image score to symbolic: this relationship is performed via
the number of measures
-
Symbolic-video: via http links that can be assigned to music
notation elements
-
Symbolic-images: via http links that can be assigned to music
notation elements
-
Symbolic to documents: via http links that can be assigned
to music notation elements
-
Image score-video: via http links that can be assigned to
music notation elements
-
Image score to images: via http links that can be assigned
to music notation elements
-
Image score to lyric: direct reference
-
Image score to documents: via http links that can be assigned
to music notation elements
-
Symbolic to audio via performance: each audio file can be
synchronised with the single symbolic score contained into the WEDEL object.
-
Image score to audio via performance: each audio file can
be synchronised with the single image score modelling the music sheet contained
into the WEDEL object.
Identification
The Identification section of the WDF object contains
several identification details. The same structure is contained into the
WDF components, for instance into the symbolic main score and parts and
into the image score: main score and parts. In the following the table
reporting the list of fields is presented.
WDFIR
|
WDF Identification Record for WDF objects and/or
components
|
Field
|
Structure
|
Example/note
|
*WDFID |
<WDFID> |
WDFID of the father if WDFIR is
into a component |
ISxx1 |
<type> <string> |
ISBN 9-384-2456987463 |
Isxx2 |
<type> <string> |
ISMN 9345934-342s32 |
Isxx3 |
<type> <string> |
ISRC (60 bit) |
Isxx4 |
<type> <string> |
|
*Publishing Status |
<enum> |
published | unpublished | master
| distributed via internet
.. |
*Publisher |
<string> |
set in automatic according to
the installation |
Music Geographic Area |
<string> |
Asia | USA | Europe | ITALY |
Catalogue identification |
<string> |
A code |
Second Publisher |
<string> |
A name |
Server URL, |
<url> |
Location download |
Location Publishing |
<string> |
Florence, Italy |
Local Distributor |
<LocalDistributorID> |
Al443d |
Local Distrib. Name |
<string> |
Ricordi, Suvini-Zerboni |
*Date of preparation |
<xml-date> |
hhhh-mm-gg, date of preparation |
*Version Major |
<major> |
Max 99, min 0 |
*Version Minor |
<minor> |
Max 99999, min 00000 |
Responsible Name |
<string> |
Tom Kiercos |
Quality level |
<number> |
from 0 to 100 |
The mandatory fields have been market with an *.
where:
-
<type> can be ISBN, ISMN, etc..
-
<Local Distributor ID> is on 6 digits in alphanumeric
base, for a total of
different
local distributors.
-
<string> is a string of characters for a maximum of 256
chars.
-
A version number comprised of two numbers <major>.<minor>.
Major is the major version code and minor the sub version identification
with 2 digits over the dot and 9 after: 99.99999. Starting from the 0.00001
version. A major version is justified only when the object has had a change
at component levcl: addition and deletion of a component. Changes of component
value produce only changes in the minor version digits. The increment of
these numbers are totally automatic and set by the WEDEL editor.
-
<url> is the http address up to 256 characters
-
<xml-date> is a date in hhhh-mm-gg, with the separation
stated with minus character
-
<date of preparation> is a date automatically set by the
WEDEL Editor.
-
The WDF condition states if the WDF object represents a complete
WDF object, or it is only a partial version or it is only an empty HEADER
for promotional/classification purposes.
All the above pieces of information can be used for identifying
the single WDF object into the databases, sever or local distributors.
Some of this information is also used for building the code for watermarking
the single object.
Classification
Classification has to allows the cataloguing of a WDF
piece according to archive mechanisms. The information included into the
classification part of a WDF object contains in general no details about
the single WDF components. The classification details about the components
are contained in specific description files associated with each component/aspects.
These description/header files are moved together with the specific component
file.
The Z39.50 and UNIMARK standards have been included.
All the following fields included in the classification
record are much more important for Libraries, and conservatories rather
than for publishers. They typically need less information for cataloguing
their music. On the other hand, that information is needed when the music
is printed. The information is typically included in printed music. For
this reason it has to be included also into the WDF objects classification
records.
The fields of the classification can be those reported
in the following table. The fields included have been selected from the
above reviewed classification mechanisms and formats and according to the
discussions performed with the end-users which are present into the projects
as partners. The classification record contains information that can be
present at level of WDF object and also at level of each component.
This information can be different. The "duplication" of
the WDFCR is also needed since
-
the WDF object may be a unified version of several documents
and may contain several already published components that present their
specific classification.
-
several fields can be similar. To this end an automatic filling
mechanism for the WDFCR of the WDF object towards those of the components
or those written in other languages is provided.
-
the single components can be saved into separate elements
and combined with other WDF objects.
WDFCR
|
WDF Classification Record for each Language
|
Field
|
Type
|
Example
|
Author |
<string>
|
W. A. Mozart |
*Title |
<string>
|
The serenade in G |
Parallel Title |
<string>
|
Trio in G |
Act |
<string>
|
First |
Movement |
<string>
|
First |
Piece type or ensemble |
<string>
|
Symphony, quintet, overture, aria,
trio,
. |
*Genre |
<string>
|
None | Baroque | classical | romantic
| modern
|
*Style |
<string>
|
None | Bebop | rocknroll | rep
|
Purpose |
<string>
|
Education | effective | simplified |
Extracted from |
<string>
|
|
A sequence number |
<string>
|
N.35,
. |
Piece Tonality |
<string>
|
G Major,
|
Instrument (if any) |
<string>
|
|
Instrument Tonality |
<enum>
|
Notes: A, B, G, C
. |
Alphanumeric numbering |
<string>
|
K 581,
.. |
*Unique short name |
<string>
|
Haffner, primavera, Mozart TRIO
|
*Original Language |
<string>
|
Unknown | I | UK | FR |
|
*Language of this classification |
<string>
|
Unknown | I | UK | FR | GR |
|
Duration |
<UINT>
|
Duration in seconds |
Date of composition |
<xml-date>
|
hhhh-mm-gg |
Époque |
<year>/<year>
|
1970/1734 |
Location of composition |
<string>
|
.. |
Critical review |
<string>
|
Description |
Reviewer |
<string>
|
.. |
Nationality |
<string>
|
Unknown | I | UK | FR |
|
Date of review |
<xml-date>
|
hhhh-mm-gg |
Dedicated to |
<string>
|
In dedica di mio padre |
Commitment |
<string>
|
For the Duke of Florence |
First execution |
<string>
|
.. |
A textual description |
<string>
|
. |
The above information is needed for the classification
of a WDF object and its management into the database. A WDF object has
to present at least a Classification Record as the above for the original
language.
In the above record some fields can be missing, while
other are absolutely mandatory.
The absolutely mandatory fields have been marked with
an *. According to the fields of the above table:
-
<string> a string of 256 chars maximum
-
The Author name could be taken from a standard authority
that specifies the standard names for the music authors as mentioned by
Angelo Pompilio.
-
Author can be author, coauthor, (arrangiatore, librettista)
-
Genre: opera, coro, cansone, music de chambre
-
Instrument: the main instrument or it is for a single instrument
that single instrument C3.htm
A WDF object may have several classification records and
these have to present different languages.
The classification is also present inside the single parts
and main score files for both symbolic and image score versions. Parts
and main score files contain also their own identification record. For
example, the following figures describe a case in which a WDF item refers
to a symbolic WDF file, SWF, containing a main score or a part, that includes
a WDFIR and some different WDFCRs, one for each language.
Symbolic Section in
WDF objects
The symbolic section of a WDF includes several aspects
as reported in the following table.
WDF Symbolic components
|
Part
|
description
|
Classifcation |
classification aspects,
name of the part, etc. |
Identification |
identification aspects
ID code, WDFID of the related main score, etc. |
Logic |
logic aspects are the
music specification of each part and main score details. |
Visualization |
Rule for visualisation in a sort
of improved MILLA such as in MOODS. Visual arrangement of symbols when
specific exceptions must be imposed with respect to standards defined by
the rules, and the music fonts. Visual rules can be different for the main
score and parts, from a music score to another. When parts are visualised
distinct visualisation rules may be used for formatting music according
to different styles. These can be imposed by the publisher on the basis
of its preferences and on the basis of the delivered music; |
Font |
can be different from a music
score to another. Standard fonts can be used. Specific fonts can be defined
and attached to the symbolic part of the WDF file. The definition of new
fonts can be performed by the publisher interacting with the WEDEL editor
and integrator, has decided to add a font/symbol. Fonts include tables,
font in vectorial format, font for the computer screen, and fonts for printing
in postscript. |
Versioning |
which supports monitoring the
evolution of music pieces while considering logic performance and visual
evolution. Changes performed on the main scores and parts (for logical
aspects) can be collected, classified and reapplied according to a mechanism
of versioning via CWF command List. The versioning is also applied to the
performance aspects in the sense that several synchronisation files can
be included in the WDF object.. |
-
According to the music model adopted there is no distinction
between the parts and the main score. The main score is built on the basis
of its parts according to the order on which they are loaded. For this
reasons a music piece comprised of N parts has N+1 files containing the
corresponding the main score plus the N parts.