Possible Contributions of Electrolysis Systems to Grid Stability

Abstract:
The integration of water electrolyzers into the electrical energy system is a central part of the energy transition. In projects in 2024, electrolyzers are integrated into the grid as pure consumers. However, large electrolysis units above several 100 MW connected load have a significant influence on the system stability of the electrical grid. Considering the reduced number of connected thermal power plants (nuclear, gas and coal-fired power), the high planned total capacity to be installed, and the faltering expansion of transmission capacities, a strong focus will be placed on grid code compatibility of electrolyzers in the future. Thus, strict requirements towards grid compatibility of electrolyzes are foreseen by the respective transmission system operators (TSOs). A suitable system design enables the next generation of electrolyzers – in addition to producing hydrogen – to also make a substantial contribution to the stability of the electrical grid and thus to security of supply.