Comparison of topology planning between AC and DC based distribution systems

Abstract:
Urban grid expansion is reaching its limits, requiring increased flexibility. While AC systems use active operating resources to manage congestion, DC technology offers higher power transmission, efficiency and better controllability. Existing studies focus on embedded DC sections within AC grids, but fully DC-based systems remain underexplored. This study compares AC and DC distribution grids, proposing a planning method for medium- and low-voltage level from scratch. Numerical case studies assess cost efficiency and identifying future supply requirements where DC outperforms AC and vice versa.