MARWELOUS – Potential challenges for high voltage and distribution system protection due to the advent of grid forming converters

Abstract:
Distribution system operators are aware of the influence that decentralized energy sources have on short-circuit protection concepts. A lack of knowledge exists though on potential challenges when massively introducing grid forming converters into the high and medium voltage distribution systems. Early knowledge of the risks allows to prepare adequately and cost efficiently for a massive integration of this so far unconventional technology. Either protection concepts, grid forming converter behaviour, or integration practices may be adapted at an early stage when needed. Several workshops have been performed joining participants with protection system, distribution system planning and operation and grid forming converter behaviour expertise. A catalogue has been derived explaining the potential challenges for distribution system short circuit protection by grid forming converter penetration. Questions have been specified and prioritized that need to be answered by research and practical investigations. Researchers, system operators etc. may now conduct focussed investigations to evaluate the risks and derive solutions where necessary.