Investigation of the influences of the multi-use operation of battery energy storage systems to maximize the yield of PV-coupled industrial consumers

Abstract:
The increasing integration of renewable energy highlights the need for flexible storage solutions. Battery storage systems are ideal for grid stabilization due to their fast response and efficiency. While subsidies support decentralized energy, long-term viability depends on economic performance. This study focuses on enhancing battery profitability by optimizing operational yields through multi-use operation — combining self-consumption optimization, remunerated PV energy sales, and energy trading at the spotmarket in Europe. A simulation model of a PV-coupled industrial system with a battery storage system connected to the grid evaluates these applications under technical and regulatory constraints, including the virtual separation of stored energy. Results show multi-use operation reduces system energy costs by 27.2% to 52.4%. Trading on the spot market exploits unused potential, while combining self-consumption with trading achieves 26.9% to 36.6% cost reductions with minimal impact on self-sufficiency. These findings underscore the economic benefits of multi-use battery storage for renewable energy integration.