Survey on 5G Security in the Post-Quantum Era

Abstract:
The threat of quantum computing to traditional cryptography has driven the standardization of Post-Quantum Cryptographic (PQC) algorithms by NIST. However, integrating PQC into security protocols poses challenges due to increased key and ciphertext sizes, impacting performance, particularly in resource-constrained environments like mobile networks. This survey reviews 5G security architecture, analyzes quantum algorithms that threaten asymmetric cryptography, and examines NIST-standardized PQC schemes. We further explore research on integrating PQC into 5G security protocols, including testing frameworks, security analysis, and performance impact. Finally, we discuss challenges in adapting PQC for 5G networks.