Multimode Bidirectional EV Charger with V-to-X Capability

Abstract:
The integration of both AC and DC charging in single charging port connector enables compact, efficient and fast charging capabilities. The proposed system architecture allows the charger to accept power from traditional AC grids as well as from DC sources. The advanced digital controller is used to detect the applied AC/DC source for operating the front-end converter based on sensing signal. This type of strategy prevents the use of any type of contactors in the system. Also, it enables power flow in both directions from the grid to the vehicle (G2V) and from the vehicle back to the load (V2L). This system consists of an active front end full-bridge AC-DC power factor correction (PFC) converter and a bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter typically a dual active bridge (DAB). It is worth noting that the architecture is capable of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) fast charging in both AC and DC configurations. Control strategies are implemented to achieve seamless mode transitions, high power factor, and efficiency across a wide load range. Advanced digital controller enables dynamic source detection, and real-time communication with the battery management system (BMS). This article presents the design and implementation of a high-efficiency, compact charger architecture capable of operating in both charging and discharging modes with wide range of voltages. This charger with advanced controller not only enables bidirectional energy flow but also supports rapid DC charging through source-prioritized architecture. Its modular and scalable design makes it suitable for residential, commercial, and fleet-based EV applications.