A Generic Simulation Framework for Large‑Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems with Multi-Level Topologies

Inhalt:
Multi-use applications and aging-aware operation of large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) require advanced energy management and string management concepts. To enable the investigation of such concepts, this paper presents a generic simulation framework for BESS with arbitrary multi-level battery cell topologies, providing the required capability to simulate the loss and aging behavior of large-scale BESS down to the cell level with several modeling approaches. To simulate the detailed behavior of the BESS during these investigations, the simulation framework supports modeling manufacturing tolerances and heterogeneities in the electrical network as well as electrical components such as converters, sources and loads. A highly efficient algorithm is developed for the iterative, time-discrete simulation of the BESS. The components of the electrical circuit are abstracted as objects in a tree-based data structure, from which linear equations are automatically extracted by means of the framework interface and compiled into a system of linear equations. The algorithm separates static and dynamic coefficients, which are iteratively updated to reflect the evolving state of the BESS. The simulation API in Matlab and Python is highlighted, providing convenient usage from both languages commonly used in scientific computing. A performance benchmark is conducted, showing that the simulation framework is able to simulate a string of the BESS Dresden South, consisting of 11520 battery cells, over a simulated timespan of 48 hours.